March 27th to April 2nd

Sunday March 27, 2011
Expressing Numbers
When expressing large numbers (more than one hundred) read in groups of hundreds. The order is as follows: billion, million, thousand, hundred. Include 'and' between the hundred and the tens when required in each group. Notice that hundred, thousand, etc. is NOT followed by an 's'.
Example Sentences
My state has three million four hundred thousand six hundred thirty two inhabitants.
She spent four thousand two hundred seven dollars.


Monday March 28, 2011
Reading Fractions
Read the top number as a cardinal number, followed by the ordinal number + 's'
Example Sentences
4/5 -> Four fifths
7/9 -> Seven ninths


Tuesday March 29, 2011
Mustn't vs. Don't have to
Remember that 'mustn't express prohibition. 'Don't have to' expresses something that is not required. However, if the person may choose to do so if he or she pleases.
Example Sentences
Children mustn't play with fire.
I don't have to work next Saturday.


Wednesday March 30, 2011
Can't have done
Use 'can't' plus the perfect form of the verb to express an opinion that you are 100% (or almost 100%) sure was not true at the past point in time.
Example Sentences
She can't have visted Tom because she was in Chicago.
They can't have been serious about that project!


Thursday March 31, 2011
Might have done
Use 'might' or 'could' plus the perfect form of the verb to express an opinion that you think had a good possibility of being true at the past point in time.
Example Sentences
She might have done her homework. I'm not sure.
They could have taken a different flight and that's why they aren't here.


Friday April 1, 2011
No continuous form for stative verbs
One major difference in passive use between English and some other languages is that the continuous forms may be used in English while not in some other languages.
Example Sentences
She thinks it's an interesting exhibit. NOT She is thinking it's an interesting exhibit.
Jack believes in the theory. NOT Jack is believing in the theory.


Saturday April 2, 2011
Compound nouns
Compound nouns and adjectives are words that are made up of two parts. These parts are sometimes connected by a hyphen, connected, or separated. Unfortunately, there are no specific rules for when a compound noun or adjective takes a specific form.
Example Sentences
Toasters are common household appliances.
Make sure to go through check-in at least one hour before your flight.



 March 20th to March 26th
Sunday March 20, 2011
Causative 'Make'
The causative verb 'make' expresses the idea that the person causing the event requires the persons doing the event to take the desired action.
Example Sentences
They make their children do an extra hour of homework every evening.
She made her son quit his job to focus on his studies.


Monday March 21 2011
Causative 'Have'
The causative verb 'have' expresses the idea that the person causing the event chooses to do so. This causative verb is often used when speaking about various services. There are two forms of the causative verb 'have'
Example Sentences
I had my car washed last weekend.
They had the documents reviewed by a number of lawyers.


Tuesday March 22, 2011
Independent Clauses
An independent clause can be used as a complete sentence. It contains the subject and the verb of a sentence. It is also sometimes called the main clause.
Example Sentences
I bought a new car which was made in Germany.
They flew to Rome where they spent a lovely holiday.


Wednesday March 23, 2011
Dependent clauses
A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be used together with an independent clause to make sense.
Example Sentences
She enjoyed the museum which she visited yesterday.
He drew a picture which won a prize.


Thursday March 24, 2011
Relative clauses
A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It gives additional information, identifies or describes a noun. Relative clauses are also called adjective clauses.
Example Sentences
The man who was hired last month has done a great job.
I'm looking for the shop where I bought these shoes.


Friday March 25, 2011
Defining relative clauses
In defining relative clauses, the information given is essential to the understanding of the sentence.
Example Sentences
The men who were brought in last month helped improve the bottom line.
I'm looking for a book that was on this table yesterday.


Saturday March 26, 2011
Non-defining relative clauses
In non-defining relative clauses, the information is not essential to understanding the sentence, but gives additional information.
Example Sentences
Mr Smith, who enjoys playing golf, has been invited to join our club.
Seattle, which was founded in the 19th century, is the economic heart of Washington state.


March 13th to March 19th
Sunday March 13, 2011
Because
An adverb clause using 'because' can precede or follow the independent clause it relates to. Notice that a sentence begun with a 'because' clause is followed by a comma. In the case that a 'because' clause finishes the sentence, no comma is used.
Example Sentences
He was late for work because he overslept.
Because they often go golfing, they work half time.


Monday March 14, 2011
Since as an adverb
'Since' has the same meaning as 'because'. An adverb clause using 'since' can precede or follow the independent clause it relates to. Notice that a sentence begun with a 'since' clause is followed by a comma. In the case that a 'since' clause finishes the sentence, no comma is used.
Example Sentences
Since she's so good at maths, we decided to enroll her in an advanced class.
They chose to save money this month since there seems to be a recession.


Tuesday March 15, 2011
So ... I
This form is used when we want to show that we feel the same way as another person, or have performed the same action. Use this form when agreeing with positive sentences. Remember that the auxiliary verb changes based on the subject and the tense of the original statement. The form is usually used in the first person singular, however, other forms are also possible.
Example Sentences
I've enjoyed seeing you this week. - So have I.
She's been working hard today. - So has he.


Wednesday March 16, 2011
Neither ... I
This form is used when we want to show that we feel the same way as another person, or have performed the same action. Use this form when agreeing with negative sentences. Remember that the auxiliary verb changes based on the subject and the tense of the original statement. The form is usually used in the first person singular, however, other forms are also possible.
Example Sentences
They won't be attending the conference. - Neither will we.
He hasn't been to class for a week. - Neither have they.


Thursday March 17, 2011
Both ... and
Subjects connected by 'both ... and' take plural verb conjugations.
Example Sentences
Both my brother and I attended universities on the East Coast.
Both Jane and her sisters play golf.


Friday March 18, 2011
Either ... or
'Either ... or' is used in sentences giving a positive sense. Either one or the other subject does a given action. Subjects connected by 'either ... or' take either a plural or singular verb conjugation depending on the subject (a singular or a plural) closer to the conjugated verb.
Example Sentences
Either she or the boys have made a mess in this room.
Either the students or the teacher takes a day off every month.

Quiz of the Day - Colloquial Pairs
This vocabulary quiz focuses on common 'pair phrases' such as 'by and large', 'by and large'. etc.


Saturday March 19, 2011
Neither ... nor
'Neither ... nor' is used in sentences giving a negative sense. Neither one nor the other subject does an action. Notice that the negative sense is conveyed by the 'n' in 'neither' and 'nor'. 'Not' is not placed before the verb. Subjects connected by 'neither ... nor' take either a plural or singular verb conjugation depending on the subject (a singular or a plural) closer to the conjugated verb.
Example Sentences
Neither Jack nor Peter wants to go to the party next week.
Neither Jane nor her friends support the mayor.


 March 6th to March 12th
Sunday March 6, 2011
As = because
An adverb clause using 'as' can precede or follow the independent clause it relates to. Notice that a sentence begun with a 'because' clause is followed by a comma. In the case that a 'as' clause finishes the sentence, no comma is used.
Example Sentences
As he requested this information, I've sent a packet explaining the program.

Monday March 7, 2011
Although, though, even though
'Although', 'though' and 'even though' convey the same unexpected result and can be used interchangeably.
Example Sentences
Even though he's interested in attending the course, he won't be able to participate.
Though it's difficult to understand, you'll have to accept the consequences.


Tuesday March 8, 2011
Despite
'Despite' is followed by a noun (phrase) and is followed by a comma when introducing the sentence. If 'despite' is used in the middle of a sentence, no comma is required.
Example Sentences
She'll be making a presentation, despite her lack of extra time to prepare.
Despite wanting to play tennis, Johnny stayed home and did his homework.


Wednesday March 9, 2011
However, nevertheless, nonetheless
'However', 'nevertheless', and 'nonetheless' convey the same unexpected result. However, 'nevertheless' and 'nonetheless' are more formal and are usually used only in writing.
Example Sentences
We're having difficulties with the project. Nevertheless, we'll finish on time.
We've been working hard all week. However, we'll have to continue next week as well.


Thursday March 10, 2011
First impressions
When you walk in the room the very first impression you make on the interviewer can have a great influence on the rest of the interview. It is important that you introduce yourself, shake hands, and are friendly.
Example Sentences
Hello, thank you for asking me to come in today.
Hello, my name is Ken Beare. This is a beautiful office building.


Friday March 11, 2011
Mrs, Ms and Miss
Use Ms for women unless asked to use Mrs or Miss.
Example Sentences
Dear Ms Smith
We spoke to Ms Anderson last week.


Saturday March 12, 2011
Advise and allow
Use the 'ing' form after these verbs without an object, use the infinitive with an object.
Example Sentences
We allow smoking in the lobby.
We advise vistors to have lunch in the cafeteria.


February 27th to March 5th
Sunday February 27, 2011
Contractions
Contractions are usually used in informal speech and writing. For formal writing, write the full form.
Example Sentences: To a friend: She's coming soon. In a letter: She is coming soon.
E-mail to a colleague: We're working hard. E-mail to boss: We are working on the Smith project.


Monday February 28, 2011
electric and electrical
Electric is used with machines using electricity. Electrical is used before more general words.
Example Sentences: The electric blender is on the shelf.
The electrical appliances in most homes are becoming cheaper every year.


Tuesday March 1, 2011
classifying nouns
It is common to use noun + noun as a 'classifying' expression naming a particular type.
Example Sentences: Seaside insects often cause irritation.
Mountain paths transverse everything from forest to rocky peaks.


Wednesday March 2, 2011
hardly, scarcely
'Hardly' and 'scarcely' are often used with past perfect to show something that happened in quick succession in the past.
Example Sentences: Hardly had I come in the door, when John arrived.
She had scarcely finished her meal when she received the call.


Thursday March 3, 2011
the least / the fewest
'The least' is the superlative form of 'little' used with uncountable nouns, and 'the fewest' is the superlative form of 'few' used with countable nouns.
Example Sentences: Tom does the least work of anybody in this room.
Jane has made the fewest mistakes on the exams.


Friday March 4, 2011
learn (how) to do
The verb 'learn' is followed by (how) + the infinitive. Both forms have the same meaning.
Example Sentences: I learned (how) to play golf last summer.
She's learning (how) to make lasagna from my wife.


Saturday March 5, 2011
of course = everybody knows
Use 'of course' to mean 'everybody knows or understands'.
Example Sentences: Of course, we're planning on improving services once we succeed.
It seems like the weather is getting hotter, but, of course, it's just because summer is arriving.


February 20th to February 26th
Sunday February 20, 2011
quite (British) really (US)
It is common to use 'quite' in British English and 'really' in American English to mean 'very'.
Example Sentences: British: It's quite hot today. American: It's really hot today.
American: That's really expensive! British: That's quite dear!


Monday February 21, 2011
fit / suit
These words are similar, but not the same in meaning. 'Fit' refers to size, whereas 'suit' refers to color, style, etc.
Example Sentences: That doesn't fit you, but the color certainly suits you!
That sweater suits you, you just need a larger size.


Tuesday February 22, 2011
once - conjunction
'Once' can be used as a conjunction to mean 'as soon as', it is often used to indicate a condition that must first be met before something else can happen.
Example Sentences: Once you've passed the exams, you'll be given a diploma.
She's going to find a new job once her boss writes a recommendation.


Wednesday February 23, 2011
no and none of
Use 'no' immediately before a noun without any determiners. Use 'none of' before a determiner + noun.
Example Sentences
None of my sisters belong to the tennis club.
There are no children on the playground.


Thursday February 24, 2011
nearest and next
'Nearest' is used for place and 'next' is used for time.
Example Sentences: Where is the nearest bathroom?
When does the next train leave?


Friday February 25, 2011
instead of and instead
'Instead of' is used as a preposition. 'Instead' (without 'of') is used as an adverb.
Example Sentences: He'll be going instead of Tom.
She didn't go to Chicago. Instead, she went to New York.


Saturday February 26, 2011
sorry for - sorry to do
'Sorry for / about + ing' refers to past events. 'Sorry to do' refers to present situations.
Example Sentences: I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I can't come to the party.
I'm sorry for disturbing you yesterday!

_________________________________________________________________________________________

February 13th to February 19th

Sunday February 13, 2011
There are said to be ...

With some verbs including 'say', 'feel', 'think', etc. 'There are / is' is used to introduce a passive.
Example Sentences: There are thought to be six thousand species of this class alive in New Guinea.
There is felt to be a certain joy in making music with others.

Monday February 14, 2011

arrive

Use either 'arrive in' with cities, or 'arrive at' with places. Never use 'arrive to'.
Example Sentences: He arrived in Tokyo after a 12 hour flight.
Tom arrived at work just in time for the presentation.

Tuesday February 15, 2011

in case of

'In case of' can be used in similar situations to 'if'.
Example Sentences: In case of damage, call the manufacturer. = If there is damage, call the manufacturer.
In case of fire, call 911 immediately!

Wednesday February 16, 2011

BC / AD

BC refers to dates before the birth of Christ, AD for dates after the birth of Christ. (BC = before Christ, AD = Anno Domini)
Example Sentences: The Romans occupied the territory in 342 BC.
The first settlement appeared in 215 AD.

Thursday February 17, 2011

It to identify a person

Use 'it' can refer to a person to identify to another.
Example Sentences: It's Tom, can't you tell?
No, this isn't John, it's Ken.

Friday February 18, 2011

It takes ...

Use 'It takes ...' to introduce the amount of time necessary to do something.
Example Sentences: It takes two hours to complete this exercise.
It takes him four hours to drive home.

Saturday February 19, 2011

It ... who / that

'It' can be used to introduce a 'who' or 'that' clause to emphasize. This is referred to as a 'cleft sentence'.
Example Sentences: It was Tom who completed the project on time.
It was the dog that saved the man from the fire.

February 6th to February 12th

Sunday February 6, 2011

It + to be + adjective + infinitive

This form is used as a 'preparatory subject' and is quite common in English.
Example Sentences: It is important to remember who you friends are!
It was difficult to understand the speaker at the conference.

Monday February 7, 2011

Got - gotten?

American English also uses the particpile 'gotten' of the verb 'to get', whereas British English only allows for 'got'.
Example Sentences: American English: She's gotten into a lot of trouble this month.
British English: She's got into a lot of trouble this month.

Tuesday February 8, 2011

get + object + past participle

This form is used to express the idea that someone finishes a task.
Example Sentences: The man got his report written and went home.
We were able to get the investment made, even though it was difficult.

Wednesday February 9, 2011

shall / will

'Shall' is rarely if ever used in American English. 'Shall' is still commonly used in British English, even though usage is becoming less common.
Example Sentences: American English: Where will we go? British English: Where shall we go?
British English: I will / shall see you soon. American English: I will see you soon.

Thursday February 10, 2011

Due

'Due' is used to mean 'expected to arrive' in newspapers and magazines in headlines.
Example Sentences: President Due to Arrive Next Week
Director Due in New York

Friday February 11, 2011

Present results

A simple sentence in present perfect can indicate a present result.
Example Sentences: I've broken my leg. = My leg is now broken.
She's been to the bank. = She has some money now.

Saturday February 12, 2011

False friends

Sometimes a word that sounds the same in your language may have a completely different meaning in English.
Example Sentences: Italian: sensible English: sensible
French: Trainer English: Trainer

___________________________________________________________________________________________

January 30^th to February 5^th

Sunday January 30, 2011

progressive = continuous

Many grammar books use either progressive or continuous when referring to 'present continuous / progressive - past continuous / progressive, etc.'

Example Sentences: The past continuous form is used for specific times in the past.
The past progressive form is used for specific times in the past.

Monday January 31, 2011

passive and continuous

The passive voice is rarely if ever used with present or past perfect continuous forms

Example Sentences: We've been working on that bridge for two weeks. NOT That bridge has been being worked on for two weeks.
They had been studying that paper for two hours before he arrived. NOT That paper had been being studied for two hours before he arrived.

Tuesday February 1, 2011

near (to)

Use the preposition 'near' with or without 'to' for the same meaning.

Example Sentences: He lives near (to) the bank.
My friends play soccer near (to) my office building.

Wednesday February 2, 2011

make an offer / make a mistake

These two expressions are fixed in English. do not use 'do' with these expressions.

Example Sentences: Let me make you an offer you can't refuse.
She made a number of mistakes on the exam.

Thursday February 3, 2011

do good / do one's best

The expressions 'do good' and 'do one's best' are fixed in English. Do NOT use 'make'.

Example Sentences: I think Tom does quite a lot of good in his community.
You should always try to do your best.

Friday February 4, 2011

get + direct object

When 'get' is followed by a direct object, it usually means receive, or fetch.

Example Sentences: Let me get something to eat before we begin.
She got her notebook and began to study hard.

Saturday February 5, 2011

man / mankind

Both 'man' and 'mankind' is used to refer to the human race.

Example Sentences: Man has created many wonders, and caused many problems.
Mankind continually strives to improve, despite its tendency towards violence.

January 23^rd to January 29^th

Sunday January 23, 2011

They - in general

Instead of using 'he' or 'she' in a general sense, English often employs the general form of 'they'.

Example Sentences: When a person gets a new job, they like celebrating by inviting their friends out for a drink.
If anyone enjoys golf, they can visit me and we'll have a round.

Monday January 24, 2011

everyday vs. every day

'Everyday' is an adjective meaning 'usual'. 'Every day' is an adverbial expression mean the literal every day.

Example Sentences: She enjoys swimming every day.
Everyday jobs are as important as specialized professions.

Tuesday January 25, 2011

be used to doing vs. used to do

'Be used to doing' expresses habitual action whereas 'used to do' express a habit in the past.

Example Sentences: He's used to working late during the week.
She used to work late when she was employed in Chicago.

Wednesday January 26, 2011

be used to doing vs. used to do

'Be used to doing' expresses habitual action whereas 'used to do' express a habit in the past.

Example Sentences: He's used to working late during the week.
She used to work late when she was employed in Chicago.

Thursday January 27, 2011

the = enough

'The' can be used alone to mean 'enough' placed before a noun.

Example Sentences: Does he have the patience to do the job?
She doesn't have the money to buy that house.

Friday January 28, 2011

except + prepositions

Use 'except' before prepositions and conjunctions. Do not use 'except for'.

Example Sentences: I have traveled t all countries except India.
They are happy all the time except when they have to take tests.

Saturday January 29, 2011

mind + questions and negatives

The most common use of the verb 'to mind' is in questions and negatives.

Example Sentences: I don't mind her smoking in the living room.
Would you mind if I open the window?

January 16^th to January 22^nd

Sunday January 16, 2011

else

Use 'else' to mean 'other' or 'more'.

Example Sentences: Is there anyone else who would like some help?
There's nowhere else I would like to go.

Monday January 17, 2011

play

'Play' as a noun is usually a theater piece. As a verb we 'play' games. Sometimes, 'play' is used to refer to children's games in general.

Example Sentences: Don't worry about them. Their play is rough.
We like to play board games on Saturdays.

Tuesday January 18, 2011

for verb+ing

'For verb+ing' is used to give a reason for something.

Example Sentences: She was promoted for getting new accounts.
I'm indebted to you for helping me on the project.

Wednesday January 19, 2011

both the NOT the both

Use 'the' after 'both' never before 'both'.

Example Sentences: Both the clients came to visit us today. NOT The both clients ...
I bought both the books for my class. NOT I bought the both books ...

Thursday January 20, 2011

borrow vs. lend

Use 'borrow' when taking money from someone, use 'lend' when giving money to someone.

Example Sentences: She borrowed $4000 from her parents.
The bank lent me $2000 to cover the costs.

Friday January 21, 2011

a/an = per

When relating two numbers or measurements, 'a/an' can be used to mean 'per'. 'Per' tends to be used in more formal writing.

Example Sentences: The course costs $300 a week. OR The course costs $300 per week.
His consulting rates are $125 an hour. OR His consulting rates are $125 per hour.

Saturday January 22, 2011

the moment = immediately

Use 'the moment (that) to mean immediately.

Example Sentences; I'll call you the moment I know the news.
She told me she would inform me the moment she heard.

January 9^th to January 15^th

Sunday January 9, 2011

lose / loose

'Lose' is an irregular verb (lose - lost - lost). 'Loose' is adjective meaning the opposite of 'tight'. It

Example Sentences; This shirt is too loose.
Did you lose something?

Monday January 10, 2011

gradable and non-gradable

Certain adjectives and adverbs are gradable (young, boring, expensive) others are upgradeable - meaning there is no more or less (dead, impossible, etc.).

Example Sentences: Gradable: Tom is much more interesting than Peter.
Unfortunately, his friend is dead.

Tuesday January 11, 2011

hundred (and)

Use 'and' in expressing hundreds in British English. Do not use 'and' in American English.

Example Sentences: British English: four hundred and five - American English: four hundred five
British English: two thousand seven hundred and thirty-three - American English: two thousand seven hundred thirty-three

Wednesday January 12, 2011

dead - died

'Dead' is an adjective. 'Died' is the past tense of the verb 'die'.

Example Sentences: When did Mrs. Johnson die?
The cat by the side of the road is dead.

Thursday January 13, 2011

a bit - not a bit

A bit = a little / not a bit = not at all

Example Sentences: I'm not a bit angry at Tom.
She's a bit tired today.

Friday January 14, 2011

seem

The verb 'seem' is used to discuss both facts and feelings, or impressions.

Example Sentences: The sun seems to disappear into the earth on the horizon.
She seems like a friendly person.

Saturday January 15, 2011

but = except

'But' can be used to mean 'except'.

Example Sentences: He's done everything but pack his bags.
But for the food, the vacation was a disaster.

January 2^nd to January 8^th

Sunday January 2, 2011

'The' and mountains

Do not use 'the' when referring to most mountains.

Example Sentences

The climber scaled Mount Everest.
You can see Mount Rainier from Seattle on a clear day.

Monday January 3, 2011

Good evening versus Good Night

Use 'good evening' as a greeting after six p.m. Use 'good night' at the end of the evening when you leave someone for the day.

Example Sentences: Good evening Tom, would you like to have some dinner with me?
Good night. I'll see you at work tomorrow.

Tuesday January 4, 2011

Alike and like

Use 'alike' to mean 'like each other'. Use 'like' to mean 'like someone else'.

Example Sentences: We are very much alike.
Tom looks like Peter.

Wednesday January 5, 2011

into / in

Use 'into' when indicating change. Use 'in' when indicating state or place.

Example Sentences: He drove into the garage.
He studies in that classroom.

Thursday January 6, 2011

gonna = going to

The slang form 'gonna' often heard in American English means 'going to' and therefore indicates future or planned action.

Example Sentences: I'm gonna see Tom tomorrow. (informal slang)
What are you gonna do? (informal slang)

Friday January 7, 2011

I know

The phrase 'I know' refers to facts. Notice we do not use 'it'.

Example Sentences: She's a very talented girl. - I know.
They're building a new office building downtown. - I know.

Saturday January 8, 2011

Sorry to do this ...

Use 'sorry + infinitive' to apologize for a current situation.

Example Sentences: Sorry to upset you, but you need to understand the situation.
Sorry to bump into you like that!

__________________________________________________________________________________

February 14th to February 20th

Sunday February 14, 2010

Reported Speech
In reported speech go one step back into the past and change the time signifier as well as the pronoun.

Example Sentences
"I'm going to the supermarket.: BECOMES He said he was going to the supermarket.
"She's seeing him tomorrow." BECOMES She said she was seeing him the next day.

Monday February 15, 2010

Should or Shouldn't
Use "should" or "shouldn't" as a modal verb to give advice.

Example Sentences
He should get a check up soon. He doesn't look too well.
His mother told him he shouldn't worry about the test.

Tuesday February 16, 2010

Preposition + Verb
Always use the gerund when the verb is the object of a preposition

Example Sentences
What shall we do? - How about visiting Tom!
I looked into purchasing a new computer.

Wednesday February 17, 2010

Interested In
The correct usage of showing interest is a passive infinitive "to be interested in".

Example Sentences
They are interested in geography.
Was he interested in coming to the presentation?

Thursday February 18, 2010

Good and Bad
The comparative form for "good" is "better". The superlative form is "the best". The comparative form for "bad" is "worse". THe superlative form is "the worst".

Example Sentences
She is the worst tennis player on the team.
He's better at math than Jack, but worse at geography.

Friday February 19, 2010

The Basics of "At"
Use "at" with times of the day and places in a city.

Example Sentences
I'll meet you at three o'clock.
Let's meet at the bank.

Saturday February 20, 2010

Ask
The verb "ask" plus an object is constructed "S + ask + person being asked + infinitive with to".

Example Sentences
She asked him to repeat the question.
My friend asked me to come early to the meeting.


February 7th to February 13th

Sunday January 31, 2010

Since
Use the present perfect (continuous) with the time expression "since" when using a specific date or time.

Example Sentences
He's lived in that house since 1998.
They've been playing golf since ten this morning.

Monday February 30, 2010

On
Use "on" with days of the week. However, in British English use "at the weekend".

Example Sentences
I'll see you on Tuesday.
Let's meet on Sunday.

Tuesday February 1, 2010

Look Like
Use "look like" to ask for a physical description.

Example Sentences
What does your brother look like?
He looks like Brad Pitt.

Wednesday February 2, 2010

Interested or Interesting?
Remember to use the "-ed" form of the adjective to describe how people are affected. In this case, "bored by" is the only correct combination of adjective and preposition.

Example Sentences
That documentary was very interesting.
Tim was interested in the project.

Thursday February 3, 2010

Put Off
The phrasal verb "to put off" means "to postpone". "Put off" is a separable phrasal verb.

Example Sentences

He put the meeting off until tomorrow.
Can I put that off until next week?

____________________________________________________________________________________

Friday February 4, 2010

Past Perfect - Had Done
Use the past perfect - had + participle - to express an action finished before another action in the past.
Example Sentences
He had finished his homework by the time she arrived.
I had spoken with Peter before I talked to Bob about the deal.


Saturday February 5, 2010

How do you do?
Use the question "How do you do?" when meeting a person for the first time. Use "How are you?" after that.
Example Sentences
How do you do? - It's a pleasure to meet you.
How are you today Tom? - I'm fine.


January 31st to February 6th

Sunday January 31, 2010

Have to or Must?
Use "must" for strong obligations at the moment of speaking. Use "have to" for daily responsibilities.
Example Sentences
I have to catch a train for work every morning.
I must get going. It's late!

Monday February 30, 2010

Had to
Past obligation is always "had to". There is no "must" in the past.
Example Sentences
I had to leave the meeting early to catch my train.
They had to invest over 5 million dollars in updates.


Tuesday February 1, 2010

What are you doing tomorrow?
The present continuous is often used to express future intentions, especially principle verbs such as "go".
Example Sentences
He's going to a concert on Friday.
She's coming to visit next week.

Wednesday February 2, 2010

Neither
When agreeing with a negative statement, use "neither + auxiliary in the opposite form to the original statement + subject"
Example Sentences
I don't like country music. - Neither do I.
She didn't have much to eat. - Neither did Andy.

Thursday February 3, 2010

The Verb "Like"
The verb "like" usually takes the gerund (verb+ing) in the simple form meaning "enjoy doing". The verb "like" usually takes the infinitive (to do) meaning "choose to do".
Example Sentences
He likes skiing in the winter.
Jack likes to take an earlier train to work.

Friday February 4, 2010

The Verb "Remember"
With the verb "to remember" use the infinitive to express the action of remembering. Use the gerund (-ing) to express having the memory of something.
Example Sentences
I remember playing golf as a teenager.
Did you remember to turn off the lights?

Saturday February 5, 2010

No = Not Any
Use "no" plus a noun to mean the same as "not any".
Example Sentences
He has no interest in coming next week.
She had no time to go to a show when she was in New York.




January 24th to January30th


Sunday January 24, 2010
Want + Infinitive
The verb "to want" takes the infinitive when followed by a verb.
Example Sentences
What do you want to do this afternoon?
She doesn't want to visit her parents next weekend.

Monday January 25, 2010

Subject Questions
In a subject question do not use the usual inverted question form. For example: Which model did you buy? - here "which model" is the object. In the example, "which model" is the subject of the question.
Example Sentences
Which model goes the fastest?
Which house provides shelter for the homeless?

Tuesday January 26, 2010

To Come Into
The phrasal verb "to come into" means "to inherit".
Example Sentences
She came into a fortune when her uncle passed away.
Have you ever come into a large amount of money?


Wednesday January 27, 2010

Who
Use "who" as the relative pronoun to connect phrases about people.
Example Sentences
He's the man who discovered the larva worm.
Jane is the woman who helped me finish the application.

Thursday January 28, 2010

Whose
"whose" is the possessive relative pronoun referring to "the woman" in this case.
Example Sentences
She's the woman whose home was purchased by Karen.
Is he the man whose son won the trophy?

Friday January 29, 2010

Explaining Present Results
Use the present perfect continuous to state a recent continuous action in the past causing a present result.
Example Sentences
He's been working in the garden. That's why his hands are so dirty.
I've been watching TV all afternoon. That's why I need to take a walk.

Saturday January 30, 2010

Make out
"To make out" is a phrasal verb that means "to see with difficulty".
Example Sentences
I could just make out the ship on the horizon.
Can you make out anything in the distance?


January 17th to January 23rd

Sunday January 17, 2010

Passive Sentences
The passive voice is formed: Passive Subject + to be (conjugated) + participle.
Example Sentences
Two hundred cars were manufactured at the plant last week.
The 9th Symphony was written when Beethoven was deaf.

Monday January 18, 2010

Look After
"look after" is a phrasal verb which means "to take care of".
Example Sentences
Can you look after my cat next week?
I looked after my brother's children for the day while he was away.

Tuesday January 19, 2010

Than
For comparisons between two objects use the comparative form followed by "than".
Example Sentences
English is easier to learn than Russian.
Children are more nimble than adults.

Wednesday January 20, 2010

Could - Was Able To
"Could" is the past of can which expresses ability and permission. "Was able to" expresses the same idea, but is often used for a specific situation.
Example Sentences
She couldn't attend that class last semester.
He wasn't able to buy tickets for the concert on Saturday.

Thursday January 21, 2010

Future Predictions
We use the future with "will" to make future predictions.
Example Sentences
I doubt she will win the election next year.
Who do you think will win the game?

Friday January 22, 2010

In Front Of - Behind / Before - After
"In front of" indicates physical space. The oppposite is "behind". "Before" indicates time. The opposite is "after".
Example Sentences
He stood in front of the class.
Let's have lunch before the meeting.

Saturday January 23, 2010

Present Perfect Passive Voice
"Have been made / done / built " is the present perfect passive form used for actions completed up to the present moment in time.
Example Sentences
All the assignments have been completed on time.
This product has been manufactured in Iowa since 1943.


January 10th to January16th

Sunday January 10, 2010

Out of / Into
Use the preposition combination "out of" when exiting a building. Use the preposition "into" when entering a building.
Example Sentences
She drove the car into the garage.
He walked out of the shop and saw Peter.

Monday January 11, 2010

Like / As
Use "as" to indicate function, use "like" to indicate similarity.
Example Sentences
She looks like my sister.
He works as an accountant at the local bank.

Tuesday January 12, 2010

Question Tags
Use the opposite of the auxiliary for a question tag.
Example Sentences
She enjoys wine, doesn't she?
They haven't been to Paris before, have they?

Wednesday January 13, 2010

Did?
The question form of the simple past is "did + Subject + verb (without to)".
Example Sentences
When did she finish the lesson?
Where did they go on vacation?

Thursday January 14, 2009

Future Intentions
Use "be going to" to ask about future intentions.
Example Sentences
When are you going to finish that report?
What is she going to study at university?

Friday January 15, 2009

Wish + Past Perfect
The use of the verb "wish" in the past is followed by the past perfect similar to the third conditional.
Example Sentences
She wishes she had studied harder for the test.
I wish I had known about the problem.

Saturday January 16, 2009

Reported Speech with "Will"
"Will" becomes "would" in reported speech.
Example Sentences
He said he would be able to attend the conference.
Paris said she would not speak to the reporters.


January 3rd to January 9th

Sunday January 3, 2010

Modifying Strong Adjectives
Strong adjectives require a different modifier other than "very".
Example Sentences
She's extremely beautiful!
Her ideas are absolutely shocking!

Monday January 4, 2010

Present Modal Verbs of Deduction
Use "might / could + verb" for a present modal verb of probability. The other forms include must + verb - almost certain, can't + verb - almost certain in a negative way.
Example Sentences
She can't be at school. I just talked to her on the phone!
Peter might work at that company. I think he just changed jobs.

Tuesday January 5, 2010

Past Modal Verbs of Deduction
Use "might have + participle" for a past modal verb of probability. The other forms include "could have + participle - possibility, must have + participle - almost certain, can't have + participle - almost certain in a negative way.
Example Sentences
She must have been ill. She rarely misses a meeting.
They might have bought a new car. I'm not sure.

Wednesday January 6, 2010

Had better, Ought to, Should
"Had better", "ought to" and "should" are all ways of giving advice.
Example Sentences
I think he had better hurry up and finish the questions.
They ought to spend more time with their children.

Thursday January 7, 2010

During / While
Use "during" with a noun, "while" with a verb clause.
Example Sentences
During the meeting, Tom mentioned the problems with shipping.
Jeff talked to Peter while I was working on the report.

Friday January 8, 2010

Third Conditional
Use the past perfect in the if clause of conditional three (imaginary past) sentences that concern the past.
Example Sentences
They would have come to the party, if they had been invited.
If Al Gore had been elected, we wouldn't have faced so many problems.

Saturday January 9, 2010

Repeating Every Sunday, Saturday, etc.
When speaking about an action that is repeated EVERY Saturday, Monday, etc. use the day of the week + 's'
Example Sentences
They go to church on Sundays.
Do you often arrive late to work on Wednesdays?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

November 8^th to 14^th

Sunday November 8, 2009
If he were ...
Use "were" in the second conditional if clause for all subjects.

Example Sentences
If he were the boss, we'd all have more to do.
I would change my position if I were you.

Sunday October 4, 2009

 lose / loose

Helpful Tip
'Lose' is an irregular verb (lose - lost - lost). 'Loose' is adjective meaning the opposite of 'tight'. It

Example Sentences
This shirt is too loose.
Did you lose something?

July 11, 2009

'The' and mountains

Do not use 'the' when referring to most mountains.

Example Sentences
The climber scaled Mount Everest.
You can see Mount Rainier from Seattle on a clear day.

July 10, 2009

Good evening versus Good Night

Use 'good evening' as a greeting after six p.m. Use 'good night' at the end of the evening when you leave someone for the day.

Example Sentences
Good evening Tom, would you like to have some dinner with me?
Good night. I'll see you at work tomorrow.

July 9, 2009

Alike and like

Use 'alike' to mean 'like each other'. Use 'like' to mean 'like someone else'.

Example Sentences
We are very much alike.
Tom looks like Peter.

July 8, 2009

into / in

Use 'into' when indicating change. Use 'in' when indicating state or place.

Example Sentences
He drove into the garage.
He studies in that classroom.

July 7, 2009

gonna = going to

The slang form 'gonna' often heard in American English means 'going to' and therefore indicates future or planned action.

Example Sentences
I'm gonna see Tom tomorrow. (informal slang)
What are you gonna do? (informal slang)

July 6, 2009

I know

The phrase 'I know' refers to facts. Notice we do not use 'it'.

Example Sentences
She's a very talented girl. - I know.
They're building a new office building downtown. - I know.

July 5, 2009

Sorry to do this ... 
Use 'sorry + infinitive' to apologize for a current situation.

Example Sentences
Sorry to upset you, but you need to understand the situation.
Sorry to bump into you like that!


June 28^th to July 4^th

July 4, 2009

a bit - not a bit
A bit = a little / not a bit = not at all

Example Sentences
I'm not a bit angry at Tom.
She's a bit tired today.

July 3, 2009

dead - died

'Dead' is an adjective. 'Died' is the past tense of the verb 'die'.

Example Sentences
When did Mrs Johnson die?
The cat by the side of the road is dead.

May 30, 2009

They - in general

Instead of using 'he' or 'she' in a general sense, English often employs the general form of 'they'.

Example Sentences
When a person gets a new job, they like celebrating by inviting their friends out for a drink.
If anyone enjoys golf, they can visit me and we'll have a round.

May 29, 2009

everyday vs. every day

'Everyday' is an adjective meaning 'usual'. 'Every day' is an adverbial expression mean the literal every day.

Example Sentences
She enjoys swimming every day.
Everyday jobs are as important as specialized professions.

May 16, 2009

Advise and allow
Use the 'ing' form after these verbs without an object, use the infinitive with an object.

Example Sentences
We allow smoking in the lobby.
We advise vistors to have lunch in the cafeteria.

May 15, 2009

play
'Play' as a noun is usually a theater piece. As a verb we 'play' games. Sometimes, 'play' is used to refer to children's games in general.

Example Sentences
Don't worry about them. Their play is rough.
We like to play board games on Saturdays.

May 14, 2009

Mrs. Ms. and Miss
Use Ms. for women unless asked to use Mrs. or Miss.

Example Sentences
Dear Ms Smith
We spoke to Ms Anderson last week.

May 13, 2009

First impressions
When you walk in the room the very first impression you make on the interviewer can have a great influence on the rest of the interview. It is important that you introduce yourself, shake hands, and are friendly.

Example Sentences
Hello, thank you for asking me to come in today.
Hello, my name is Ken Beare. This is a beautiful office building.

May 12, 2009

Spelling differences
Words ending in -or (American) -our (British) color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc.

Example Sentences
American: This painting uses many colors. British: This painting uses many colours.
American: He has a good sense of humor. British: He has a good sense of humour.

May 11, 2009

Got - gotten / American vs. British
The past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English. Example He's gotten much better at playing tennis. British English - He's got much better at playing tennis.

Example Sentences
British English: He's got a few contracts from Italy.
American English: He's gotten a few contracts from Italy.

May 10, 2009

However, nevertheless, nonetheless
'However', 'nevertheless', and 'nonetheless' convey the same unexpected result. However, 'nevertheless' and 'nonetheless' are more formal and are usually used only in writing.

Example Sentences
We're having difficulties with the project. Nevertheless, we'll finish on time.
We've been working hard all week. However, we'll have to continue next week as well.

May 3^rd to May 9^th

May 9, 2009

Despite

'Despite' is followed by a noun (phrase) and is followed by a comma when introducing the sentence. If 'despite' is used in the middle of a sentence, no comma is required.

Example Sentences
She'll be making a presentation, despite her lack of extra time to prepare.
Despite wanting to play tennis, Johnny stayed home and did his homework.

May 8, 2009

Although, though, even though

'Although', 'though' and 'even though' convey the same unexpected result and can be used interchangeably.

Example Sentences
Even though he's interested in attending the course, he won't be able to participate.
Though it's difficult to understand, you'll have to accept the consequences.

May 7, 2009

Consequently

'Consequently' conveys the meaning of 'as a result' and introduces a transition from one sentence to the next.

Example Sentences
There were a number of changes to make. Consequently, the company put back the introduction of its new product line.
Your grades have been getting worse. Consequently, there'll be no more TV for the next month.

Saturday May 2, 2009

As = because

An adverb clause using 'as' can precede or follow the independent clause it relates to. Notice that a sentence begun with a 'because' clause is followed by a comma. In the case that a 'as' clause finishes the sentence, no comma is used.

Example Sentences
As he requested this information, I've sent a packet explaining the program.
She's going to take a taxi as she's late for work.

Saturday April 25, 2009

Because

An adverb clause using 'because' can precede or follow the independent clause it relates to. Notice that a sentence begun with a 'because' clause is followed by a comma. In the case that a 'because' clause finishes the sentence, no comma is used.

Example Sentences
He was late for work because he overslept.
Because they often go golfing, they work half time.

Friday April 24, 2009

Non-defining relative clauses

In non-defining relative clauses, the information is not essential to understanding the sentence, but gives additional information.

Example Sentences
Mr. Smith, who enjoys playing golf, has been invited to join our club.
Seattle, which was founded in the 19th century, is the economic heart of Washington state.

Thursday April 23, 2009

 wealth - noun

Definition: a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value

Example Sentences
He left a great deal of wealth to his children.
Too many people are concerned with acquiring wealth.

Wednesday April 22, 2009

Defining relative clauses

In defining relative clauses, the information given is essential to the understanding of the sentence.

Example Sentences
The men who were brought in last month helped improve the bottom line.
I'm looking for a book that was on this table yesterday.

Saturday April 11, 2009

Verb + Pronoun
A number of verbs take a (pro)noun followed by an infinitive when involving another person. Here is a list of some of the most common:

Jim advised me to find a new job.
They encouraged them to take the day off.

Friday April 10, 2009

Reading Fractions
Read the top number as a cardinal number, followed by the ordinal number + 's'

Example Sentences
4/5 -> Four fifths
7/9 -> Seven ninths

Thursday April 9, 2009

Expressing Numbers
When expressing large numbers (more than one hundred) read in groups of hundreds. The order is as follows: billion, million, thousand, hundred. Include 'and' between the hundred and the tens when required in each group. Notice that hundred, thousand, etc. is NOT followed by an 's'.

Example Sentences
My state has three million four hundred thousand six hundred thirty two inhabitants.
She spent four thousand two hundred seven dollars.

Wednesday April 8, 2009

Make and Do
We usually 'make' something physical that we can touch. We usually 'do' a task of some sort. There are a number of exceptions to these rules.

Example Sentences
Let me make you a cup of tea.
Should he do his homework now?

Tuesday April 7, 2009

Past Perfect vs. Past Perfect Continuous
The past perfect is used to express an activity that had been finished before another activity in the past. In contrast, the past perfect continuous is used to express an activity that has been happening up to a moment in the past.

Example Sentences
We had been waiting for almost three hours when he finally arrived.
She had already made the decision before he asked the question.

Monday April 6, 2009

Past Perfect for Explaining
The past perfect is used to talk about an action that is finished before another action in the past. This form is especially useful for giving reasons for a decision that was made in the past.

Example Sentences
I'd already had lunch that's why I didn't come along to the restaurant.
She didn't want to join us because she had been sick the week before.

Sunday April 5, 2009

Become / get accustomed to

These two forms are similar in meaning to 'become / get used to'. They are slightly more formal.

Example Sentences
He's becoming accustomed to living in Brazil.
They'll get accustomed to the job soon enough.
_______________________________________________________________________________________


March 29th to April 5^th

March 29, 2009

Specific point in time in the past

When a SPECIFIC point in time is stated for a past event, use the past continuous.

Example Sentences
She was working at 9 last night.
They were studying for their test at half past ten this morning.

March 30, 2009

Scheduled Public Events

Use either the future with will or simple present for scheduled public events

Example Sentences
The concert begins at six o'clock.
The train will leave at seven thirty.

March 31, 2009

Planned decisions

Planned decisions are decisions made BEFORE the moment of speaking. Use the future with 'going to'

Example Sentences
They're going to attend next week's conference in Bern.
I'm going to invest in some property on the coast.

Reported Speech and the Past
If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original.

Example Sentences
He said he was going to come that day.
She told him she had bought a new car.

Monday March 23, 2009

Future Perfect
The future perfect is used to talk about what will have been done up to a specific point in the future.

Example Sentences
We'll have finished by the time you arrive.
They'll have bought a new home by the end of next month.


Tuesday March 24, 2009

The Use of Say
Use 'say' in a more general sense. Remember that 'say' does not take an indirect object. 'That' is optional and can be included or left out.

Example Sentences
She said she would return soon.
He says he likes Coca Cola.